Introduction Cushing Syndrome, also known as hypercortisolism, is a condition where the body has too much of the hormone cortisol. The adrenal glands produce cortisol and help regulate many important functions in the body, including metabolism, blood pressure, and the immune response. When cortisol levels are too high for a long time, it can lead … Read more
Definition Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to either insufficient insulin production or the body’s inability to use insulin effectively. Diabetes Mellitus Types Diabetes Mellitus can be broadly categorized into two main types:- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (insulin-dependent) Definition:- An autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system … Read more
Definition Addison’s disease, also called primary adrenal insufficiency, is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones. The adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys, produce hormones like cortisol and aldosterone. These hormones are crucial for many body functions, including stress response, blood pressure regulation, and metabolism. Causes of Addison’s Disease … Read more
Definition Addison’s crisis, also known as an adrenal crisis, is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the adrenal glands cannot produce enough hormones, particularly cortisol. This can happen suddenly or during times of stress, illness, or injury. It requires immediate medical attention. Causes of Addison’s Crisis Insufficient Medication:- Skipping doses or not … Read more
Definition Hyperprolactinemia is a condition where there is an abnormally high level of prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain. This hormone helps with breast milk production after childbirth. Causes Hyperprolactinemia can be caused by several factors:- Pituitary Tumors (Prolactinomas):- The tumor … Read more
Definition Hypoprolactinemia is when your body has very low levels of prolactin, a hormone made by the pituitary gland. Prolactin is important for making milk after childbirth and also helps with the immune system and metabolism in both men and women. Pathophysiology Prolactin is made by special cells in the pituitary gland. Its production is … Read more
Definition Hypoparathyroidism is a condition in which the body produces insufficient amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH plays an important role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood. Without adequate PTH, calcium levels drop, and phosphorus levels rise. Pathophysiology PTH is produced by the parathyroid glands, which are four small glands located behind … Read more
Introduction Acromegaly is a rare but serious hormonal disorder that develops when the pituitary gland produces excessive growth hormone (GH) after the growth stop of bones. This condition is most commonly diagnosed in middle-aged adults and can lead to severe complications if left untreated. Definition Acromegaly is an abnormal enlargement of bones and tissues, mainly … Read more
Introduction Gigantism is a rare condition caused by the excessive production of growth hormone (GH) during childhood, before the growth plates close. This results in abnormal growth and increased height. The condition is often caused by a benign tumor on the pituitary gland. What is Gigantism? Gigantism occurs when the pituitary gland produces too much … Read more
What is Hyperparathyroidism? The parathyroid glands are four small glands located behind the thyroid gland in the neck. They produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. Hyperparathyroidism occurs when these glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to elevated calcium levels (hypercalcemia). Types of Hyperparathyroidism Primary Hyperparathyroidism:- Caused by … Read more