Definition Hyperprolactinemia is a condition where there is an abnormally high level of prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain. This hormone helps with breast milk production after childbirth. Causes Hyperprolactinemia can be caused by several factors:- Pituitary Tumors (Prolactinomas):- The tumor … Read more
Definition Hypoprolactinemia is when your body has very low levels of prolactin, a hormone made by the pituitary gland. Prolactin is important for making milk after childbirth and also helps with the immune system and metabolism in both men and women. Pathophysiology Prolactin is made by special cells in the pituitary gland. Its production is … Read more
Definition Hypoparathyroidism is a condition in which the body produces insufficient amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH plays an important role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood. Without adequate PTH, calcium levels drop, and phosphorus levels rise. Pathophysiology PTH is produced by the parathyroid glands, which are four small glands located behind … Read more
Introduction Acromegaly is a rare but serious hormonal disorder that develops when the pituitary gland produces excessive growth hormone (GH) after the growth stop of bones. This condition is most commonly diagnosed in middle-aged adults and can lead to severe complications if left untreated. Definition Acromegaly is an abnormal enlargement of bones and tissues, mainly … Read more
Introduction Gigantism is a rare condition caused by the excessive production of growth hormone (GH) during childhood, before the growth plates close. This results in abnormal growth and increased height. The condition is often caused by a benign tumor on the pituitary gland. What is Gigantism? Gigantism occurs when the pituitary gland produces too much … Read more
What is Hyperparathyroidism? The parathyroid glands are four small glands located behind the thyroid gland in the neck. They produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. Hyperparathyroidism occurs when these glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to elevated calcium levels (hypercalcemia). Types of Hyperparathyroidism Primary Hyperparathyroidism:- Caused by … Read more
Introduction Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder characterized by the thyroid gland’s unable to produce sufficient thyroid hormones. These hormones are essential for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. this guide provides an in-depth exploration of hypothyroidism, focusing on its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management What is Hypothyroidism? The thyroid gland is butterfly-shaped in the front … Read more
Introduction Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. These hormones play a vital role in regulating the body’s metabolism, and their overproduction can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications. This guide provides an in-depth exploration of hyperthyroidism, focusing on its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, management (including non-pharmacological, … Read more
Introduction Insulin is an important hormone for managing blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. Proper administration and knowledge about insulin types, syringes, preparation, and injection techniques are essential for effective diabetes management. This article covers everything you need to know about insulin syringes, types, actions, preparation, administration, key considerations, and patient education. 1. Insulin … Read more
Introduction The endocrine system is one of the most vital and complex systems in the human body. It is responsible for regulating body functions through the secretion of hormones. These hormones act as chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to tissues and organs, affecting processes such as growth, metabolism, and mood. Understanding the endocrine … Read more